This section covers the biological basis of allergic reactions and the distinct ways that skin conditions manifest in both canine and feline patients. Understanding the nuances of how different species react to allergens is essential for accurate diagnosis.
When we discuss dog skin allergies, we are typically referring to an overreaction of the immune system to substances that should otherwise be harmless. In dogs, these allergens can be inhaled (like pollen), ingested (like specific proteins in food), or absorbed through direct contact (like certain grasses found in Howick gardens). When a dog encounters an allergen, its body produces IgE antibodies, which trigger the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals in the skin. This leads to redness, swelling, and that undeniable urge to scratch. Common skin problems in dogs often start with a mild itch that quickly escalates into a secondary infection if the skin barrier is breached by scratching or biting.


